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Termites are found on all continents except Antarctica. The diversity of termite species is low in North America and Europe (10 species known in Europe and 50 in North America), but is high in South America, where over 400 species are known.34 Of the 3,000 termite species currently categorized, 1,000 are found in Africa, where mounds are extremely abundant in certain regions.

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Within China, termite species are restricted to moderate tropical and subtropical lands south of the Yangtze River.34 In Australia, all ecological groups of termites (dampwood, drywood, subterranean) are endemic to the country, with over 360 classified species.34.

Due to their soft cuticles, termites do not inhabit cold or cool habitats.36 There are three ecological forms of termites: dampwood, drywood and subterranean. Dampwood termites are found only in coniferous forests, and drywood termites are found in hardwood forests; subterranean termites live in widely diverse areas.34 One species in the drywood category is the West Indian drywood termite (Cryptotermes brevis), which can be an invasive species in Australia.37.

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Termites are usually small, measuring between 4 to 15 millimetres (0.16 to 0.59 in) in length.34 The biggest of extant termites are the queens of those species Macrotermes bellicosus, measuring up to over 10 centimetres (4 in) in length.38 Another giant termite, the extinct Gyatermes styriensis, thrived in Austria during the Miocene and had a wingspan of 76 millimetres (3.0 in) and a body length of 25 millimetres (0.98 in).39note 1.

Most worker and soldier termites are blind because they do not have a set of eyes. But some species, such as Hodotermes mossambicus, have compound eyes which they use for orientation and also to distinguish sunlight from moonlight.40 The alates (winged males and females) have eyes along with lateral ocelli.

Termite antennae have a number of functions like the sensing of touch, taste, odours (including pheromones), heat and vibration. The three primary segments of a termite antenna include a scape, a pedicel (usually shorter than the scape), and the flagellum (all segments beyond the scape and pedicel). The mouth parts contain a maxillae, a labium, and a pair of mandibles.

Consistent with insects, the anatomy of this termite thorax consists of three segments: the prothorax, the mesothorax and the metathorax. Each segment contains a pair of legs. On alates, the wings are at the mesothorax and metathorax. Even the mesothorax and metathorax have well-developed exoskeletal plates; the prothorax has smaller plates. .

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Termites have a ten-segmented abdomen with two plates, the tergites and also the sternites. The tenth abdominal segment has a set of short cerci.45 You can find ten tergites, of which nine are broad and one is elongated. The reproductive organs are much like people in cockroaches but are somewhat more simplified. By way of example, the intromittent organ is not present in male alates, and the sperm is immotile or aflagellate.

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Unlike in other termites, Mastotermitidae females possess an ovipositor, a characteristic strikingly similar to that in female cockroaches.48.

The non-reproductive castes of thieves are wingless and rely solely on their six legs for locomotion. The alates fly only for a brief amount of time, so that they also rely on their own legs. The appearance of the legs is similar in each caste, but the soldiers have bigger and thicker legs.

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The number of tibial spurs on an individual's leg click for info fluctuates. Some species of termite have an arolium, located between the claws, which is present in species which scale on smooth surfaces but is absent in many termites.49.

Unlike in ants, the hind-wings and fore-wings are of equal length.2 Most of the time, the alates are poor stocks; their technique is to launch Click This Link themselves in the atmosphere and fly in a random direction. Studies show that in comparison to larger termites, smaller termites cannot fly long distances. When a termite is in flight, its wings remain at a ideal angle, and when the termite is at rest, its wings remain parallel to your own body.51.

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Caste system of termites A King B Queen C Secondary queen D Tertiary queen E Infection F Worker

Worker termites undertake the maximum labour within the colony, being responsible for foraging, food storage, and brood and nest maintenance.53 Workers are tasked with the digestion of cellulose in food and are thus the most likely caste to be found in infested wood. The process of worker termites feeding other nestmates is known as trophallaxis.

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Some termite species do not have a true worker caste, instead relying on nymphs that do the exact same work without differentiating as a separate caste.53.

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